Memory in Large Language Models Englisch

A guide to the mechanisms called LLM memory: model parameters, context, KV caches, retrieval, recurrent state, and persistent application storage.

10.07.2025 · 2 min

LLM Agents: From Model Output to Reliable Action Englisch

A guide to reliable LLM agents: typed tools, permissions, retries, human approval, observability, security, and trajectory-level evaluation.

05.05.2025 · 10 min

Fine-Tuning LLMs with LoRA Englisch

A practical guide to deciding when an LLM needs fine-tuning, understanding LoRA and QLoRA, and building an evaluated PEFT training workflow.

20.04.2025 · 2 min

Speaker Anonymization: Privacy Beyond Changing a Voice Englisch

A threat-model-first guide to speaker anonymization: system architectures, informed attackers, privacy and utility metrics, and lessons from SpeakerDiff.

15.10.2024 · 11 min

Model Extraction Attacks: Threat Models and Defences Englisch

A threat-model-first guide to behavioural cloning, parameter recovery, query strategies, measurement, detection, watermarking, and layered defences.

15.09.2024 · 1 min

Understanding Attention in Transformers Englisch

A concise technical guide to transformer attention: masks, position, efficient kernels, KV caches, and interpretability limits.

15.08.2024 · 8 min

Building Reliable RAG Systems Englisch

An end-to-end guide to building and evaluating production RAG systems, from document ingestion and hybrid retrieval to grounded generation and observability.

15.07.2024 · 11 min

How Do You Evaluate LLM Systems? Englisch

A production-oriented framework for evaluating LLM applications across model quality, retrieval, agent behaviour, safety, latency, and cost.

15.06.2024 · 10 min

Prompt Design for Production LLM Systems Englisch

A production guide to prompt contracts, structured outputs, context construction, tool use, evaluation, observability, and prompt-injection defence.

15.04.2024 · 11 min

Knowledge Graphs: Data Models, Construction, and Graph RAG Englisch

A practical guide to knowledge-graph models, identity, provenance, construction, querying, evaluation, and their role in retrieval-augmented generation.

15.03.2024 · 12 min

What Are Diffusion Models? Englisch

A technical guide to diffusion models: the forward process, noise-prediction objective, reverse sampling, guidance, latent diffusion, and practical trade-offs.

15.02.2024 · 9 min

Ontologies in Knowledge Graphs: Reasoning and Validation Englisch

A practical guide to ontology design in knowledge graphs, including RDF, RDFS, OWL, open-world reasoning, SHACL validation, and production trade-offs.

15.01.2024 · 11 min

Vector Databases: Indexes, Retrieval, and Production Trade-offs Englisch

A guide to vector search, ANN indexes, filtering, hybrid retrieval, production operations, and deciding whether a dedicated vector database is necessary.

15.12.2023 · 13 min

Fairness in Machine Learning: Metrics, Trade-offs, and Evaluation Englisch

A practical guide to defining, measuring, and monitoring fairness in machine-learning systems without hiding the policy choices behind one metric.

15.10.2023 · 12 min